Everything about Acyl totally explained
An
acyl group (
IUPAC name:
alkanoyl) is a
functional group derived by the removal of one or more
hydroxyl group from an
oxoacid.. In
organic chemistry, the acyl group is usually derived from a
carboxylic acid of the form R
C O OH. It therefore has the formula R
C(=
O)-, with a
double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms (for example a
carbonyl group), and a single bond between R and the carbon. Acyl groups can also be derived from other types of acids such as
sulfonic acids,
phosphonic acids, and some others.
Acyl halides can be used in
Friedel-Crafts acylation to introduce the acyl moiety in an
aromatic compound.
In
biochemistry,
acyl CoAs are derivates of
fatty acid metabolism, with
acetyl CoA as an example. They are actually
thiol esters.
Examples
The names of acyl groups are typically derived from the corresponding acid by substituting the acid ending
-ic with the ending
-yl as shown in the table below. Note that
methyl,
ethyl,
propyl,
butyl etc. end in -yl are not acyl but
alkyl groups, derived from
alkanes.
Acyl species
In
acyloxy groups the acyl group is bonded to oxygen: R-C=O-O-R' where R-C=O is the acyl group.
Acylium ions are
cations of the type R-C
+=O and play an important role as intermediates in
organic reactions
for example the
Hayashi rearrangement.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Acyl'.
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